The Church of the East and Oriental Orthodoxy both split over differences in Christology (5th century), while the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Catholic Church separated in the East–West Schism (1054). Emperor Constantine I decriminalized Christianity in the Roman Empire by the Edict of Milan (313), later convening the Council of Nicaea (325) where Early Christianity was consolidated into what would become the state religion of the Roman Empire (380). The inclusion of Gentiles led Christianity to slowly separate from Judaism (2nd century). The disciples of Jesus spread their faith around the Eastern Mediterranean area, despite significant persecution. The four canonical gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John describe Jesus's life and teachings, with the Old Testament as the gospels' respected background.Ĭhristianity began in the 1st century after the birth of Jesus as a Judaic sect with Hellenistic influence, in the Roman province of Judea. The creeds of various Christian denominations generally hold in common Jesus as the Son of God-the Logos incarnated-who ministered, suffered, and died on a cross, but rose from the dead for the salvation of humankind and referred to as the gospel, meaning the "good news". Christians believe that Jesus is the Son of God, whose coming as the Messiah was prophesied in the Hebrew Bible (called the Old Testament in Christianity) and chronicled in the New Testament.Ĭhristianity remains culturally diverse in its Western and Eastern branches, and doctrinally diverse concerning justification and the nature of salvation, ecclesiology, ordination, and Christology. Its adherents, known as Christians, are estimated to make up a majority of the population in 157 countries and territories. It is the world's largest and most widespread religion with roughly 2.4 billion followers, comprising around 31.2% of the world population. Christianity ( / k r ɪ s tʃ i ˈ æ n ɪ t i/) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus.
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